Chapter by Chapter Abstracts
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Planned Structure of the Contents 📑Preliminary working title: Quasifusion - LENR: A Nuclear Energy Revolution
Chapter 1
💫 The Place of LENR in Science History
LENR finds its place in the history of science after a series of discoveries in particle physics. With the discovery of radioactivity, we realized there is a certain surge from within matter that both by decay and by creation produces energy from nuclear mass loss. Next we realized that for the creation or fusion of matter neutrons are required and that more complex atoms are created with them in the career of a star like our sun. Then we realized that these neutrons of nuclear bondage are the result of the gravity compression of a stellar hydrogen plasma, and that they surprisingly can also experimentally be created at lower temperatures than those of the sun. The discoveries led to different types of experimental nuclear reactors, and LENR therewith developed as a plan B for nuclear energy production. The anomalous nature of its effect challenged theoretical physics with concepts of spacetime, a cosmological constant and a vitalizing, or else generative, extra dimension of time and timelessness.
Chapter 2
💫 The Story of the LENR Discovery
With the initial announcement of the discovery of clean nuclear energy in March 1989 in Utah in the USA, one because of scientific rivalry encountered the challenges of providing readily reproducible evidence and a comprehensive explanation of the phenomenon. Is the anomal energy a consequence of nuclear fusion?
With the initial announcement of the discovery of clean nuclear energy in March 1989 in Utah in the USA, one because of scientific rivalry encountered the challenges of providing readily reproducible evidence and a comprehensive explanation of the phenomenon. Is the anomal energy a consequence of nuclear fusion?
Chapter 3
💫 The Structure of the Universe and LENR
After thirty years of research, it has become clear that clean nuclear energy is real and must be understood as the result of a space effect of expansion occurring between ‘hydrogenated compound metal lattices’, which means: between different metals with hydrogen absorbed in them. We therefore have to think differently about the fundamental forces of nature, time and gravity.
Chapter 4
💫 The LENR Rule: the Final Perspective from Within,
The LENR space effect resulting in heat and/or electricity and which demands a different notion of space, time and gravity, constitutes a different take on nuclear science and cosmology. The operation of time we know in three forms: one in the form of a force operating inside out, one in the form of a dimension and the one in the form of a field with particles. First of all, the fundamental forces of nature and the spatial dimensions are discussed to arrive at a better understanding of LENRs.
Chapter 5
💫 LENR, Cosmological and in Particles
After having described time as a force and as a dimension, we now arrive at time as a field providing energy, resulting in electromagnetic anomalous phenomena. This urges us to expand on our notion of the Standard Model for the sake of the science of LENR. From a simple cosmology of how everything came about, we then arrive at novel force carrying particles in a fuller, yet less complicated image of the Standard Model.
Chapter 6
💫The Struggle for a Science of LENR
We in fact are dealing with a fourth scientific revolution in which the cause of all time phenomena, the accelerating expansion of the universe since the 'Big Bang', or the great flash of light at the beginning of time, can be harnessed by LENRs, by low energy nuclear reaction technology. Instead of theoretically found dark energy, we now have experimentally found hydrogen metal energy (HME).
Chapter 7
💫The Historical Fundament of LENR Research
Since the 19th century there has been scientific research leading to strange deviating results. It turned out to be possible to draw energy from sound vibrations, from electrical discharges, from manipulating electromagnets, from efficiently splitting water, from permanent magnets in interaction, from plasma effects in tubes, and more incomprehensible results like these. Every time these free energy inventions turned out to be associated with oblivion: what was not understood, was forgotten again and easily denounced as bad science.
Chapter 8
💫 The Pioneers of LENR Research
From the beginning of the previous century we have seen anomalies, conflicting findings, in nuclear research: nuclear products like neutrons and helium were found to be produced in different electrochemical experiments without any considerable harmful radiation.
Chapter 9
💫LENR History: the Next Generation and Its Progress
Originating from Germany the electrochemical phenomenon, which was at odds with our understanding of physics, was confirmed in Sweden, picked up in India and Russia, and further, in e.g. America, Italy, China and Japan, worldwide developed into the new branch of science: condensed matter nuclear science (CMNS).
Chapter 10
💫 Strategies, Complicationss and Implications of the LENR Process
The experiments evolved ranged from wet electrochemical trials with heavy water D2O to dry experiments in the gas phase of hydrogen. Their signs of heat, nuclear transmutations into different elements and ‘isotopic’ shifts into heavier atoms of the same element, were interpreted as originating from nuclear fusion. That led to considerable confusion.
Chapter 11
💫 The Fusion Conundrum
The fusion conundrum posed not only serious questions about what happened in the experiments, but also about what actually happens in the metabolism of living organisms and in the sun. Are the heat and the transformation of elements there produced by fusion, or is the fusion there produced by another process of energy conversion and heat?
Chapter 12
💫 The Pradigmatic Burden
A new thought model of nuclear fusion initially causes confusion. The old paradigm became obsolete and the new approach of matters we need to get used to for a while. The small subatomic particles constitute an opposition. Next to that, we have a duality of the big nuclear particles. Together these two basic particle dualities are in a state of eternal unrest with a quasi-stable unity that constitutes the foundation for the LENR energy of both the beautiful organic and the magnificent inorganic order of nature.
Chapter 13
💫 The Evolution of LENR Technologies
Hydrogen in a LENR setup may capture electrons and thus form the unstable element with atom number zero, which is called neutronium. It is a combination of two neutrons, a di-neutron. This dynamical element is fundamental to the operation of a LENR producing excess energy like heat or electricity. The basic insight is that the zero-element process produces the excess effect, but that the absence of a commensurate amount of fusion products proves that actual fusion and the process of fusion should be considered separately. The resulting concept of quasifusion is compared to the standard concept of fusion and further differentiated.
Hydrogen in a LENR setup may capture electrons and thus form the unstable element with atom number zero, which is called neutronium. It is a combination of two neutrons, a di-neutron. This dynamical element is fundamental to the operation of a LENR producing excess energy like heat or electricity. The basic insight is that the zero-element process produces the excess effect, but that the absence of a commensurate amount of fusion products proves that actual fusion and the process of fusion should be considered separately. The resulting concept of quasifusion is compared to the standard concept of fusion and further differentiated.
Chapter 14
💫 The Mechanics of the Quasiparticle State of LECRs
In the evolution of this new scientific framework - this paradigm shift - there was from the very beginning a struggle, both within and outside the LENR community, concerning the difficulty of comparing the amount of energy produced with the nuclear products observed. The discrepancy observed led to doubts about the known laws of nature as governed by thermodynamics. This set the field on a collision course with the established order of science and lead to heated debates. With the notion of pseudo-fusion we as a consequence arrived at for an explanation, we then with LENR electrolysis speak of a form of energy catalysis. However, for a complete account of this quasifusion thus found, attention must of course also be given to the various neutrino-producing processes that reflect the dynamics of the lepton weak nuclear force side. Thus we see the evolution of four types of quasifusion as also of four corresponding classes of LENR generators
Chapter 15
💫 Quasifusion Theories and Their Theorem
The answer to the perplexing question of how energy catalysis can occur more efficiently in our LENR experiments than in the sun is provided by the assumption of a lepton/hadron conversion loop (LHCL) as the basic mechanism for this. These interactions between large and small subatomic particles, vibrating in a form of plasma and/or between hydrogen-saturated metal grids, lead to the discussed quasifusion processes that do produce energy but few or no nuclear products. By addressing the so-called quantum field of space - which according to the CTTS is driven by universal expansion -the dynamic subatomic structures involved lead to the energy effect of an excess. That is one possible explanation, but there are more. The type of theories based on the generative action of the quantum field of space form a third category of LENR alongside the classic D-D fusion and the alternative of D+e quasifusion. This leads to a new definition of what we call excess energy. The reason is that the second efficient multi-body effect of LENR transmutations based on quasi-particles (a QAWNT) still yields too few fusion products to rule out such a third process. This results in a LENR theorem in which all three nuclear energy processes claim their role.
The answer to the perplexing question of how energy catalysis can occur more efficiently in our LENR experiments than in the sun is provided by the assumption of a lepton/hadron conversion loop (LHCL) as the basic mechanism for this. These interactions between large and small subatomic particles, vibrating in a form of plasma and/or between hydrogen-saturated metal grids, lead to the discussed quasifusion processes that do produce energy but few or no nuclear products. By addressing the so-called quantum field of space - which according to the CTTS is driven by universal expansion -the dynamic subatomic structures involved lead to the energy effect of an excess. That is one possible explanation, but there are more. The type of theories based on the generative action of the quantum field of space form a third category of LENR alongside the classic D-D fusion and the alternative of D+e quasifusion. This leads to a new definition of what we call excess energy. The reason is that the second efficient multi-body effect of LENR transmutations based on quasi-particles (a QAWNT) still yields too few fusion products to rule out such a third process. This results in a LENR theorem in which all three nuclear energy processes claim their role.
Chapter 16
💫 TaaC and the Land of the Rising Sun also Dawning in the West
The good news is that not only theoretically clean nuclear energy thus can be understood, but also that practically, because the hindrances of scaling the process up and achieving 100% reproducibility have been largely overcome, we now are capable of designing appliances of the technology. The energy problems of mankind essentially have been solved, and in the coming ten years, latest 2034, the technology is expected to be available commercially for our cars, airplanes, industry and homes.